How do beta-blockers affect heart rate?

Beta-blockers are a class of medications that primarily function by blocking the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular system. When these receptors are inhibited, the result is a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. This mechanism is beneficial for individuals with conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and certain types of arrhythmias, as it helps to reduce the heart's workload and oxygen demand.

By lowering the heart rate, beta-blockers help improve the efficiency of the heart and can alleviate symptoms related to heart strain or excessive heart rate. Additionally, the decrease in blood pressure is achieved due to the reduced cardiac output and potential vasodilation effects. Overall, this lead to enhanced cardiovascular stability, making beta-blockers a critical component of treatment for various cardiovascular conditions.

In summary, the correct answer signifies that beta-blockers effectively decrease both heart rate and blood pressure, underscoring their therapeutic role in managing heart-related health issues.