Identify a complication associated with atrial septal defect repair.

The complication associated with atrial septal defect repair that is most prominently highlighted is arrhythmias. During the surgical closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD), manipulation of heart tissue and the creation of a new infrastructure can disrupt normal electrical conduction pathways. This can lead to the development of abnormal heart rhythms postoperatively.

Patients may experience a range of arrhythmias, from minor ectopic beats to more significant and persistent issues, like atrial fibrillation. The occurrence of arrhythmias is particularly crucial to monitor as they can impact the overall recovery and long-term heart function, requiring management such as medication or further intervention if they become problematic.

Heart failure, pneumonia, and hypertension can occur post-surgery and may be associated with complications from various cardiac surgeries. However, arrhythmias directly relate to the changes induced in the electrical system of the heart during and after ASD repair, making it a critical complication to recognize in the context of this procedure.