Why is anticoagulation important in patients with atrial septal defects?

Anticoagulation is particularly important in patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) primarily to prevent thrombus formation. In these patients, blood can flow abnormally between the left and right atria, potentially leading to stasis or turbulent flow. This abnormal flow increases the risk of clot formation, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or systemic embolism if a thrombus dislodges and travels to other parts of the body, including the brain.

By using anticoagulants, the risk of thrombus formation in the heart is significantly reduced. This is crucial for managing patients with ASDs, especially if they have additional risk factors for thromboembolic events, such as older age or concurrent cardiovascular conditions.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary role of anticoagulation in this context. For example, while heart rate control, blood pressure management, and enhancing blood flow are important aspects of overall cardiovascular health, they are not the primary reasons for anticoagulation in patients with atrial septal defects.